Paradigm Education Research


Before discussion of the subject of research paradigms in education, how the position needs to be a problem, research purposes, and characteristics of the data in the context of the selection paradigm of education research. Problem, research purposes, and characteristics of the data is important to note before choosing a particular research paradigm. Thus, the research paradigm used to explain the problem and achieving the goal of research in accordance with the characteristics of the data to be collected, and not vice versa. Therefore, the researchers about what the research problem will be solved through research, the goal is to be achieved, and how the characteristics of the data to be collected before the set is very important that the paradigm will be selected. Likely, the paradigm of research is a tool or scalpel cut that will be used by researchers to dissect "the forest" research. That means, the type and characteristics of "the forest" will lead researchers in selecting a tool or scalpel cut certain.


Basic Concept

             Reference in the research, the term used is called a variety of paradigms, the paradigm used, the type, or design. Not destruct with the methodology and methods. Paradigm (paradigm) is or contains perspective views in line with the research paradigm selected. Paradigm example is qualitative, quantitative, and qualitative-quantitative. Meanwhile, the methodology refers to how the research was conducted, for example, ethnographic or survey. Furthermore, the method refers to a tool or technique that is used to collect data, for example, interviews, distribution of questioner, and test (Henning, 2007). The emergence of three paradigms of research are also associated with the four research goals we have met so far, that is, exploring (explore), describe (describe), predict (predict), and explain (explain).


Variety of Paradigm and Selection Principles

Research paradigm. In general, there are three research paradigms, ie, qualitative (Qualitative research), quantitative (Quantitative research), a mixture of qualitative-quantitative (mixed research). According to Kanbur (2003), qualitative and quantitative in a research dichotomy is not forever, but there is also a continuum (in Hulme, 2007). Qualitative research paradigm is the paradigm of research that contain views or confidence that the focus of research is the quality (essence and quintessence), the root of the philosophy of which is phenomenology and symbolic interaction, the main activity is the field work, ethnography, grounded, the aim is understanding, description, findings, and hypothetical eruption, the design is flexible to use, flexible, evolving, dynamic, natural background research, the source of the data that made a small target, not random, data collection using the researcher as primary instrument, the inductive analysis, and finding a comprehensive and be holistic and transferability (Alwasilah, 2002).

             Quantitative research paradigm is the paradigm of research that have confidence that the focus of research refers to the quantity (how many) by using the base philosophy positivism and empiricism. Research activities were conducted through experiments using the statistical analysis. The purpose of research directed to the description, prediction, control, verification and hypothetical. Design is determined early and tend to be more structured "perfect" with a large sample, random, and representative. Collecting data using a test, scale figures, surveys, questionnaires, and the results analyzed using the statistical findings in order to obtain the exact generalization to make.

             Quantitative research paradigm, qualitative research is a paradigm that views the qualitative and quantitative research in the implementation of a. Merging method-qualitative and quantitative methods can be done in the three possibilities, namely in the form of complements (complementation), the combination (combination), and cross-validation or triangulation (triangulation or cross-validation) (Lazaro and Marcos, 2006). Merging first type, each method used to solve the problem according to different needs, for example 1 solved the problem through qualitative methods and problems solved with the 2 quantitative methods. Merging both types are complementary and the two methods are combined to cover the lack of the other methods, such as in the formulation of a problem has two aspects, one aspect that solved by using the methods and qualitative aspects of the other be solved by using quantitative methods in sequence or on the stage The first explanation is done by using quantitative methods and then forwarded using qualitative methods. The third type merging made as triangulation, namely the use of qualitative methods for stabilizing the findings of qualitative methods, or vice versa. To note is that in merging do not have to invent or force there. Make merger if really necessary in accordance with the objectives of the research and characteristics of data collected. Merger spirit paradigm is to achieve a thorough explanation and complete.

             Principles of selection of research paradigm. The principle of general elections choose the paradigm of research is the paradigm of research in accordance with their needs, that is, adjust with the goal of the research will be achieved, the problem will be solved, and the characteristics of the data to be collected. Paradigm of the selected used to the achievement of research goals, problem solving, and the characteristics of the data to be collected. Qualitative research paradigm is selected when the research aims to explain what and why a phenomenon occurs, verbal data, interpretative, multi-reality and multi-meaning, depending on the context, and to develop the theory. Quantitative research paradigm is selected when the research aims to explain how much of a phenomenon, how inter of aspects relationship, the data are numerical, can be measured, "free" context, and to test the theory. Qualitative research paradigm-selected quantitative research is needed if the method of qualitative and quantitative as well as to explain the phenomenon and research purposes.
 

Closing Note


             Examine the work is interesting, fun, and bring glory earnings. Therefore, as the scholar or anyone who is working in the sciences interested in conducting research. Subject of research methods do not about. Research method can be learned together with the research activities. The more the more will examine the methods of research. On the paradigm of research, although the term used is different, we need not be worried. It is important, in fact we understand correctly, and then try to use it in the implementation of the research. Irrespective of the paradigm is selected, the general steps of research include: (a) identify and develop the topics and issues, (b) find background information related to the topic or problem chosen, (c) deepen the sources referred to, ( d) develop research proposals, (e) develop research instruments, (f) collect research data, (g) process and analyze the research data, (h) discuss the findings, and (i) write the full report.

Reference:

Henning, Gavin. 2007. Qualitative Methodology. (online)
Hulme, David. 2007. Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Country Case Studies of Development. Makalah disajikan dalam Comparative Analysis Methodological Workshop, Beijing, January 2007
Lazaro, M. dan Marcos, E. 2006. An Approach to the Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods Software Enginering Research. (online)

 

Tags:
Comments
Add New Search RSS
Write comment
Name:
Email:
 
Title:
 
Please input the anti-spam code that you can read in the image.

!joomlacomment 4.0 Copyright (C) 2009 Compojoom.com . All rights reserved."