Glossary of terms used on this site

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Term Definition
ARCS Model

John Keller developed a four-step instructional design process to help instill learner motivation - Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction.

Assessment

The process of gathering information in order to make an evaluation. An evaluation is a decision or judgment about whether an effort is successful and to what extent that effort has or has not met a goal. Evaluation of effects of service-learning on students who take classes that employ service-learning as a pedagogy, on the community partner or agency that delivers services students assists with, on faculty members who teach those courses, and on the institution under whose auspices service-learning courses are offered. Assessment may be descriptive or evaluative; involve conventional Likert-type items or narrative reports; and be directed toward above-named stakeholders.

Asynchronous Learning

Any learning event that is delivered after the original live event. Also used to indicate a learning event where the interaction is delayed over time, such as a correspondence course.

Attitude

A persisting feeling or emotion of a person that influences choice of action and response to stimulus. Defined as a disposition or tendency to respond positively or negatively towards a certain thing (idea, object, person, situation). They encompass, or are closely related to, our opinions and beliefs and are based upon our experiences. Training that produces tangible results starts by changing behavior...which ultimately changes attitudes. Training often uses the term attitude to identify the psychological term "affective domain."

Authoring

A structured approach to developing all elements of a unit of instruction.

Authoring Tool

Software application used to produce media-based learning content. Some of the more popular ones are PowerPoint, Captivate, Robodemo, DreamWeaver, Flash, Articulate, and Toolbook.

Bandwidth

Information carrying capacity of a communication channel.

Baseline

1) Valid and reliable information about the intended learner population used to ascertain differences between learners' performances before and after instruction. 2) A set of measurements (metrics) that seek to establish the current starting level of a performance. These measurements are usually established before implementing improvement activities.

Behavior

Any activity (either covert or overt) the learner will be expected to exhibit after training. The activity should be observable and measurable. It is the primary component of an objective.

Behaviorism

Belief that learning results in a change in the learner's behavior. The focus of behaviorists is on the outputs of the learning process. The study of learning only through the examination and analysis of objectively observable and quantifiable behavioral events, in contrast with subjective mental states.

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